Ocular Disease: Keratoconus

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A common disorder that affects 1 in 2000 Americans, according to the National Eye Institute. This condition arises from a progressive thinning of the corneal surface. As the center of the cornea becomes thinner it tends to bulge outward. The normally spherical cornea now appears more conical. This change in shape prevents light from being focused properly onto the retina, resulting in distorted vision. As the disorder progresses, the cornea continues to bulge and visual acuity continually decreases.

This condition is typically bilateral (both eyes are affected). The exact cause of this disorder remains obscure, but it has been associated with certain other medical conditions and risk factors.

Blurriness, distorted vision, and photophobia

• Contact lens wear

• Excessive eye rubbing - not necessarily a cause, but will hasten progression of the disorder

• Family history - heredity is not a strong component of this condition but may slightly increase the chance of developing the disorder

Prescription eyeglasses or contact lenses may be prescribed to correct mild myopia and astigmatism caused by the initial stages of keratoconus. Rigid Gas Permeable contact lenses, or RGP, may be used to maintain the shape and integrity of the cornea as the disorder progresses and the corneal tissue continues to thin and bulge.

In some cases, a corneal transplant may be required, but glasses or contact lenses may still be needed following the procedure. Other procedures include Thermokeratoplasty (involves heating the cornea) and Epikeratophakia (procedure that involves adding additional corneal tissue).

There is no known preventative medication for keratoconus. Early detection via a comprehensive eye examination can lead to treatment options that will be beneficial as the disorder progresses.